Heat, stretching and warmups

This article was originally posted by Ryan at the original HillRunner.com Blogs.

In an ironic twist, a day after my post on summer running went live I came across a study on what about the heat affects us. Also this week, pre-exercise static stretching and a better way to warm up?

First, what is it about the heat that affects our running? For the longest time, we’ve been told it’s that our core temperature rises to near dangerous levels and our bodies shut down to protect themselves.

Well, what if that’s not the case?

There were no group differences in core temperature and heart rate response during the exercise trials.

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This capacity difference appears to result from a magnified core to skin gradient via an environmental temperature advantageous to convective heat loss, and in part from an increased sweat rate.

In short, the study had runners running in temperatures of roughly 64, 79, 93 and 108 degrees farenheit. It found no statistically significant difference in core body temperature or heart rate between runners running at these different temperatures. What it did find was that the difference between core temperature and skin temperature was lower and sweat rate was higher in the higher temperatures. The suggested conclusion is that these factors, not core body temperature, are what actually affect our performance in the heat.

Of course, this is just one study. It would be nice to see some follow up to see if others can produce the same results.

Assuming these results can be reproduced, though, how might we act on this? Well, I’ve always been a fan of pouring cups of water over your head and/or body at aid stations when racing in the heat. That would help cool your skin, which according to this would help your performance. Anything else you can do to help cool your skin would, presumably, do the same. This is probably the mechanism by which those chill vests some elite athletes use before warm weather races work.

Second, does static stretching affect our performance

The going concern over pre-exercise static stretching is that our power output is reduced. Well, it is…in some cases.

Basically, this goes back to something I have been seeing a lot of recently. If you static stretch a muscle for more than 45 seconds, its power output is reduced. If you static stretch for less, no reduction in power output.

So, if you feel like you need static stretching pre-run, do it. Just don’t hold it for too long. Personally, I’ve always felt better in races when I did some stretching pre-race but I don’t hold the stretches for long. So my takeaway from this is keep doing what I’ve been doing. That’s probably the takeaway most runners should get from this.

Finally, make sure you do some harder running in your warmups

I’ve long been a fan of warmups that increase in intensity. Start very easy, build up over time and finish with some strides at or slightly faster than race pace shortly before the start of the race. It’s just the way I’ve been taught to do my warmups and it makes intuitive sense. You’re preparing yourself to run hard so why wouldn’t you run hard as part of that preparation?

Scott Douglas writes about a study to delve into this a little deeper with some interesting results.

In short, runners did some strides and moderately paced running as part of warmups twice. In once case, they wore weighted vests during the strides. In the other case, they did not. After wearing the weighted vests, their running economy and peak speed improved.

What to make of this? Should we all go out and buy weighted vests? One interesting idea that comes to mind for me is using skipping exercises for exaggerated power output. Another is doing something like Jay Johnson’s lunge matrix, which I know he has mentioned as a good pre-race routine.

Summer running

This article was originally posted by Ryan at the original HillRunner.com Blogs.

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Summer is here. In the past week or so, I’ve seen a number of runners comment on the heat and/or humidity hitting them. I’ve also noticed mostly the humidity (it hasn’t been terribly hot here in the past week) hitting me hard. I think it’s time to make sure we all remember a few key points about running in the summer.

1) It sucks. It sucks for all of us. There’s no way around it. Whether we’re in Wisconsin suffering through the 80s with high humidity or in the southeast suffering through 20 degrees warmer with even higher humidity, it’s something our bodies aren’t used to handling and it’s tough on us. I think it’s even tougher this year after the winter we had. We’re all suffering out there. Those of us who tough it out are the ones who will thrive in the fall, though. Accept the difficulties and embrace the suck. Wear it as a badge of honor, be proud that you’re hanging tough through it and keep plowing on.

2) It’s going to slow you down. Don’t fight that. These conditions are placing a strain on our bodies. If you try to maintain the paces you were running a month ago when it was cooler, you’re going to beat yourself up and end up burned out by the time fall rolls around. Instead, let the paces fall back naturally. When it cools in the fall, your paces will bounce back. The summer season is one of the reasons I like running workouts by feel. If you can feel the right effort, you’ll naturally make the correct adjustments for the conditions during the summer. You’ll slow down as the heat and humidity rise and you won’t make a big deal of it because you’ll know the effort was what it’s supposed to be.

3) It can be dangerous. Be safe when the heat gets extreme. We all have our own limits. Someone in Wisconsin like me will melt down far sooner than someone in Georgia who is more used to the heat. Also, every individual handles the heat differently. Don’t think you’re a wimp if you have to back off, throw in some walking breaks or cut a run short because the heat was getting to you. Better to cut a run short or walk some than end up in the hospital with heatstroke.

So keep training this summer. It’s what will make your fall racing season a success. Just be willing to adjust to account for the conditions and make sure you’re paying attention to how your body is responding to the heat so you don’t get yourself in trouble.

Cramps and Gatorade, Grit, taking in carbs during training

This article was originally posted by Ryan at the original HillRunner.com Blogs.

Because I didn’t post on Monday last week due to a weekend trip with the family, I have two weeks worth of reading to catch up on. Hopefully, that means what I’m picking will be the best of the best. Twice as good? We can hope.

Cramps and Gatorade

I never thought I’d be linking to Deadspin but here you go (warning: some use of "adult" language included).

Here’s the thing: We actually don’t know for sure what causes a muscle cramp, despite what you may have heard from your high school football coach, or your half-marathoning buddy, or your gym-rat friend, or a sports-drink commercial. And the reason we don’t know has a lot to do with Gatorade and the "science" of hydration.

This summarizes what we know about cramping pretty well. I often thought, if cramping were all about hydration or electrolyte levels, why do runners get hamstring cramps, not biceps cramps? Well, this explains why not, given the current knowledge.

It also takes an interesting side trip into the Gatorade Sports Science Institute (GSSI) and points out some shortcomings. Most notably, ask yourself if GSSI is about expanding our knowledge of sports science so Gatorade can make a better product, why as Gatorade remained essentially unchanged for decades? Is their job to improve the product or improve the marketing?

Grit

The title says it all: How Much Grit Have You Got?

…individuals who believe that frustration and confusion are signs that they should quit what they are doing may be taught that these emotions are common during the learning process. Likewise, individuals who believe that mistakes are to be avoided at all costs may be taught that the most effective form of practice …entails tackling challenges beyond one’s current skill level.

I just love that quote. Obviously, grit is very important for success at anything. I would say this is especially true in running. You need to sustain that long term interest mentioned in this article and you need to have those long term goals and not give up on them. I strongly believe we can train our grit. We can become grittier individuals. It takes a lot of hard work but it can be done.

Taking in carbs during training

Finally, a topic I’ve been interested in for some time. I am a strong believer in the idea that you have to train while fueled sometimes and while not fueled sometimes. For runners, this means taking in calories on some long runs and not on others, maybe even not taking in calories before or during some long runs. Those fueled long runs will help your body become more efficient at processing the calories you’re ingesting and using them. The unfueled long runs will help your body become more efficient at burning fat and teach your body to use more fat early on, even when glycogen is still ready available. In addition, they will stimulate changes that will help the body store more glycogen.

Well, here’s a review that backs up that idea.

Finally, athletes should practise ‘train-low’ workouts in conjunction with sessions undertaken with normal or high CHO availability so that their capacity to oxidise CHO is not blunted on race day.

Cross training

This article was originally posted by Ryan at the original HillRunner.com Blogs.

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I had a couple conversations recently that made me realize that some of my past statements about cross training may have given a false impression of my current opinion on it. I’d like to take a few moments to clear up any misconceptions and to explain where I believe there is value in cross training and where there isn’t.

First, though, a little on the history of my views on cross training. I think maybe my history will shed some light on how I’ve come to my current viewpoint and maybe how these misconceptions about my current viewpoint happened.

I’ve always been a very resilient runner. In my 24+ years as a runner, I’ve suffered one injury of note, a relatively minor pulled hamstring. My body has always held up to anything I could throw at it, from 150+ mile weeks to track workouts that many runners would consider insane to ski hill repeats. Not only did my body hold up to this level of training but I never lost motivation. I was always ready for the next run or the next workout. For a long time, when I was almost solely focused on my own running and how to maximize my own abilities, I questioned the need of cross training. If you can run more, why not run more? Why take away from your running to do something else? The specificity of training principle, which I always have and always will strongly believe in, says this is a mistake.

Then, as I started to focus more on training theory and helping others, I noticed a different world than my own. I recognized runners around me who just couldn’t do what I was doing. For whatever reason, their bodies just didn’t hold up to the running the way mine did. Or their motivation would lag whenever their training climbed. I also noticed runners with a host of priorities. From triathletes to runners who also participated in other sports, they weren’t solely focused on running the way I was. It’s at this point that I realized there were three very good reasons for cross training.

1) Physical Limitations

While my body could take anything I threw at it, not everyone out there was that way. I may not have recognized it at some points but, all my running life, I was surrounded by people whose bodies would just break down if they tried to do too much. So their running was limited by injury risk to a greater extent than it was by time and energy. It made perfect sense for these people to supplement their running with additional exercises.

2) Motivational Limitations

Another thing that was never a problem for me was keeping my motivation up. I simply love running so I’ve never had serious motivational issues. Sure, we all have those days that we’d rather not be out running but, when they are short term issues, you can just plow through them. However, once I looked closely again, I could see runners around me for whom trying to carry a big training load just wore on them mentally. They could not keep their motivation up to carry the big training load through running only. For them, cross training would keep things fresh and they could increase their overall training load through it.

3) Other Priorities

Finally, I’ve always been a runner. Not just first and foremost. I’ve only been a runner. Since taking up running in 1990, I’ve never had any interest in cycling, swimming or any other sport. I’m all in. That’s not the case for many runners, though. Whether they compete in sports like triathlon where running is only one of multiple disciplines they will be using or sports like swimming or cycling where running will have some tangential benefits but doesn’t play a direct role, they do have other things to think about. They have to prepare for those other disciplines they want to compete in. What may look like cross training to the runner may, for them, be primary discipline training in another discipline they want to be good at.

What to do?

So what do we do from here? Well, it depends on who you are and what your situation is.

If your goals revolve around running, then you want to run the most you can while remaining healthy and motivated. If you’ve hit that upper limit of your running capacity and you still have time and energy, find something else you can do to supplement your running while still remaining healthy and motivated. The most important thing, though, is to make sure that those extra exercises are supplementing, not replacing, your running. If your goals revolve around running, then you have to make running your top priority and prioritize that.

If you have goals outside of running, then it’s a little more difficult to draw the line. You have to decide how important running is to you compared to the other sports in your life. Then you have to structure your training accordingly. Do what you can to have running supplement your other sports and to have your other sports supplement your running but you’ll have to draw the line at some point. When that happens, you’ll have to decide where your priorities are.

Final Word

If you can run more, why not run more? If your goals are focused on running, I still believe this. If you can’t run more, though, because you will get hurt or lose your motivation, why not use any extra available energy to supplement your running with other exercises? Of course, if your goals go beyond running, it makes perfect sense that you have to train for those other goals.

The Washington Post is catching up

This article was originally posted by Ryan at the original HillRunner.com Blogs.

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Reported on this last year

Last year, I blogged twice about the latest trends in running shoes. Essentially, that the minimal shoe market was reverting back to the mean and the pendulum was beginning to swing toward the "maximal" end.

Well, now the Washington Post is up on this latest development.

Not pretending to be holier than thou. Just interesting how trends that we could see a year ago are now making it into the mainstream media as if they are fresh, breaking news.

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